Relief Options for Spouses Treated Unfairly on Joint Returns
Article Highlights:
INTRODUCTION
- Joint Return Election
INJURED SPOUSE TAX RELIEF
- Definition and Qualifications
- Community Property States
- The 5-Step Process
- Timeframe for Processing
INNOCENT SPOUSE RELIEF
- Overview
- Joint
- Types of Relief
- Understatement of Tax and Erroneous Items
- Indicators of Unfairness
- Facts and Circumstances
- Divorce and Legal Separation
- Economic Hardship
- Allocating an Understatement of Tax
- Choosing the Right Type of Relief
- Suspension of the Statute of Limitations
- Effect of Offer-in-Compromise
- Divorce Situations and Joint Returns Signed Under Duress
- Effects on the Non-Innocent Spouse
- Timeframe for Processing
Blog: When it comes to filing taxes, married couples often choose to file jointly to take advantage of certain tax benefits. Choosing to file a joint return is an election that carries significant implications. Understanding the potential liabilities and relief options is essential for informed decision-making. Filing jointly can sometimes lead to complications, especially when one spouse has outstanding debts or when there are discrepancies in reported income. Generally, both spouses may be held responsible, jointly and individually, for the tax and any interest or penalty due on their joint return. The IRS provides two forms of relief to address these issues: Injured Spouse Tax Relief and Innocent Spouse Relief. While both aim to protect individuals from unfair tax liabilities, they cater to different situations and have distinct processes and qualifications. This article delves into the nuances of each, highlighting their differences and providing a comprehensive guide to understanding and applying for these reliefs.
INJURED SPOUSE TAX RELIEF
Definition and Qualifications – Injured Spouse Tax Relief is designed for a married individual who has filed a joint tax return with their spouse and has had their share of a tax refund used to cover their spouse’s past-due debts. These debts can include federal or state taxes, child or spousal support, or federal non-tax debts like student loans. To qualify as an injured spouse, the injured spouse must meet the following conditions:
- Filed a joint tax return.
- Have reported income, such as wages, interest, etc.
- Made and reported tax payments, such as federal income tax withheld from wages or estimated tax payments.
- Not be legally obligated to pay the past-due amount.
Community Property States – In community property states, income earned by either spouse during the marriage is considered jointly owned. This can complicate the allocation of refunds and liabilities. In these states, the IRS may divide the refund based on community property laws, which can affect the amount of relief an injured spouse receives.
The 5-Step Process:
- Determine Eligibility: Ensure the spouse meets the qualifications for injured spouse relief.
- File Allocation Form: Submit the Injured Spouse Allocation form, with the joint tax return or separately if the return has already been filed.
- Provide Documentation: Include any necessary documentation that supports the claim, such as W-2s or 1099s.
- IRS Review: The IRS will review the claim to determine the portion of the refund attributable to the injured spouse.
- Receive Refund: If approved, the injured spouse will receive their portion of the refund separately from any amount applied to their spouse’s debts.
Timeframe for Processing – The IRS estimates it takes 14 weeks to process an Injured Spouse Allocation.
INNOCENT SPOUSE RELIEF
Overview – Innocent Spouse Relief provides protection to individuals who filed a joint tax return and later discover that their spouse understated tax due to erroneous items. This relief is crucial for those who were unaware of the inaccuracies and would face unfair financial burdens if held liable.
Types of Relief:
- Innocent Spouse Relief: Available if a spouse can prove they were unaware of the understatement of tax at the time of signing the joint return.
- Separation of Liability Relief: Allows for the separation of tax liability between the innocent spouse and their spouse if they are divorced, legally separated, or not living together.
- Equitable Relief: Applies when an innocent spouse does not qualify for the other types of relief, but it would be unfair to hold them liable.
Understatement of Tax and Erroneous Items – An understatement of tax occurs when the IRS determines that the total tax should be more than what was reported. Erroneous items include unreported income or incorrect deductions and credits. To qualify for relief, the innocent spouse must demonstrate that they did not know, and had no reason to know, about these items.
Indicators of Unfairness – The IRS considers various factors to determine unfairness, such as:
- Economic hardship if relief is not granted.
- Whether the innocent spouse significantly benefited from the understatement.
- The innocent spouse’s level of involvement in the financial affairs of the household.